- Lashings becoming slack due to compaction of the cargo during the voyage, unsuitable devices for tightening the lashing systems and/or inadequate strength of the lashings;
- Movement of the cargo across the hatch covers due to insufficient friction, particularly in ice and snow;
- Heavy rolling or pitching of the ship;
- Impact from heavy seas.
1.5 Great care should be taken to keep the ship in an upright condition during loading as even a slight list will impose a considerable load on the retaining uprights. The necessity for prudent ship handling during the voyage cannot be overstressed; imprudent ship handling can nullify even the best of stowages.
1.6 The lashings should be in accordance with Chapter 4 of the Code and may comprise the following types:
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