What are different methods of lashing or securing timber deck cargo on ships ?

One or more of the following principal methods may be used to secure timber deck cargoes, by themselves or in combination with each other:

• Different types of lashing arrangements;
• Bottom blocking of the base tier in combination with lashing arrangements;
• Blocking over the full height of the cargo by, e.g. uprights alternatively complemented by lashing arrangements;
• Frictional securing, taking into account scientific research and appropriate weather and voyage criteria; and
• Other practical securing enhancement, (taking into account appropriate weather and voyage criteria), such as:
• Non slip paints on hatch covers;
• Liberal use of dunnage in the stow to shore and bridge gaps;
• Double lashing in exposed areas; and
• Consideration given to the use of locking tiers.

Lashings

 Different lashing arrangements are