Disadvantages are as follow:
- SITE CONSTRAINS
Large consumption of terminal space (mostly for storage); move to urban periphery. Draft issues with larger containerships. A large post-panamax containerships requires a draft of at least 13 meters.
- CAPITAL INTENSIVENESS
Container handling infrastructures and equipment (giant cranes, warehousing facilities, inland road, rail access), are important capital investments.
- STACKING
Complexity of arrangement of containers, both on the ground and on modes (containerships and double-stack trains). Restacking difficult to avoid and incur additional costs and time for terminal operators.
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