Within a range of tank filling levels, the pitching and rolling of the ship and the liquid free-surface can create high impact pressure on the tank surface. This effect is called ‘sloshing’ and can cause structural damage. Filling levels within this range must therefore be avoided.
However, some cargoes may be carried safely within the range specified for a particular system if the sloshing forces are permissible; guidance should be sought from the ship owner, the designer and the Classification Society.
