What are causes of loss of cargo at sea due to securing arrangements ?

Some of the most common causes of cargo loss, which should be given careful consideration when securing cargoes, are as follows:

• Severe adverse weather.
• Insufficient or ineffective use of dunnage.
• Lashings inadequate in number or strength.
• Port and starboard or forward and aft lashings ill-balanced.
• Wire attachment eyes or loops badly formed.
• Incorrect use of bulldog grips.
• Lack of strength continuity as between wire, attachment eyes, chain, turnbuckles, lashing webbing, shackles and fixed point terminations.
• Lashings secured around sharp or unprotected edges.
• Failure to appreciate the forces generated on a sea-going vessel.
• Failure to provide sufficient personnel or time to effectively complete the work before sailing.