Catenary Anchor Leg Moorings (CALMs) incorporate a large buoy (SBM) which remains on the surface at all times and is moored by 4 or more anchors which may lie up to 400 m from the buoy. Mooring hawsers and cargo hoses lead from a turntable on the top of the buoy, so that the buoy does not turn as the ship swings to wind and stream.
FIG : Catenary Anchor Leg Moorings
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