Twilight is the period of incomplete darkness before sunrise and after the sunset. So the morning twilight ends at sunrise, when the upper limb of the sun just appears above the visible horizon, and evening twilight starts at...
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What are methods of getting ships position if GPS fails while near the coast or harbour passage ?
Cross Bearings Ranges of Two or More Points. Combined Range and Bearing. A Bearing and Sounding Running Fix. Doubling the Angle on the Bow. The Four Point Bearing. The Transit Bearing. Danger or Clearing Bearings. Vertical...
What is meaning of Great Circle Sailing ?
Great circle sailing involves the solution of courses, distances, and points along a great circle between two points. Great Circle Sailing is used for long ocean passages. For this purpose, the earth is considered a perfect...