(1) Typical arrangement of stern ramps:
- Combination of fore-down and aft-down stern ramps
- Combination of two aft-down stern ramps
Aft-down stern ramp extending straight aft
- Slewing ramp only
Slewing ramp which can be swing from port and to starboard.
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Accident prevention
- Keeping suitable GM, trim and draft.
Excessively large GM causes heavy rolling of the ship and this result in damage to vehicles because of their movement. ON the other hand, an excessively small GM worsens the seaworthiness of the ship and so the suitable Gm should be maintained by controlling the distribution of the cargo weight, the amount of fuel, fresh water and ballast water.
The trim and draft should also be controlled in consideration of the propeller immersion ratio and the relationship between the shore ramp height and the wharf height.
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