What is use of substitutes of flag?

The use of substitutes is to enable the same signal flag-either alphabetical flag or numeral pendant, to be repeated one or more times in the sme group, in case only one set of flags is carried on board.
The first substitute always repeats the uppermost signal flag of that class of flags which immediately preceeds the substitute.
The second substitute always repeats the second, and the third substitute repeats the third signal flag, counting from the top of that class of flags which immediately preceeds them.
No substitute can ever be used more than once in the same group.

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